1. Requirements and treatment of formwork

模板有木模板和鋼模板兩種。使用前要將模板面清理干凈，不得粘有干硬水泥砂漿等雜物。木模板要用清水充分濕潤和清洗，不留積水，要使模板縫隙拼接嚴密。在澆筑商品混凝土時，我們應當時刻關注模板、支架、堵縫等，當我們發(fā)現(xiàn)模板發(fā)生移動的時候，應當馬上停止?jié)仓?，并且應當盡快維修好。

There are two kinds of formwork: wood formwork and steel formwork. The formwork surface shall be cleaned before use, and no dry hard cement mortar and other debris shall be adhered. The wood formwork shall be fully wetted and cleaned with clean water, without ponding, and the formwork gap shall be tightly spliced. When pouring commercial concrete, we should always pay attention to the formwork, support, caulking, etc. when we find that the formwork moves, we should immediately stop pouring and repair it as soon as possible.

拆除模板應當考慮不承重模板和承重模板的具體情況進行，不能一概而論，對于非承重模板，當商品混凝土的強度達到2.5MPa以后，此時就導致商品混凝土達到不因拆除模板二次發(fā)生倒塌的情況，這個期限大約為3～4天。對于承重模板的拆除日期，一般當商品混凝土達到強度的70％時方可拆除，要防止過早拆模。

For the non bearing formwork, when the strength of commercial concrete reaches 2.5MPa, the commercial concrete will not collapse again due to the removal of formwork. This period is about 3-4 days. For the removal date of load-bearing formwork, it can be removed only when the commercial concrete reaches 70% of the strength. It is necessary to prevent premature removal of formwork.

2.商品混凝土的攪拌

2. Mixing of commercial concrete

商品混凝土的上料順序為：首先我們將是石子、水泥和砂按比例裝入料斗里。然后再鼓筒內加上水，也可以在料斗進行進料的時候加上水。這樣就可以保障在料斗將料裝入鼓筒內時，水泥可以夾在砂子和石子之間，這樣可以達到就很好的效果。同時，在攪拌商品混凝土時，要嚴格控制它的配合比是關鍵，要經(jīng)常進行檢查，從而就可以保證材料的計量很準確。

The feeding sequence of commercial concrete is as follows: first, we will load stones, cement and sand into the hopper in proportion. Then add water into the drum, or add water when the hopper is feeding. In this way, the cement can be sandwiched between sand and stone when the hopper loads the material into the drum, which can achieve good effect. At the same time, in the mixing of commercial concrete, to strictly control its mix proportion is the key, to often check, so as to ensure that the measurement of materials is very accurate.

此外，我們還要注意一些外加劑的特性和品質情況，從而使我們可以合理的控制外加劑。促使商品混凝土的攪拌比較的均勻。達到這樣的效果，就必須做到商品混凝土的攪拌時間不能太長，如果時間較長的話，就會導致商品混凝土的和易性降低，這樣就會導致拌合機的效率大打折扣了。

In addition, we should also pay attention to the characteristics and quality of some admixtures, so that we can reasonably control the admixtures. Promote the mixing of commercial concrete more uniform. To achieve this effect, the mixing time of commercial concrete must not be too long. If the mixing time is too long, the workability of commercial concrete will be reduced, and the efficiency of mixer will be greatly reduced.

3.商品混凝土的澆筑

3. Pouring of commercial concrete

商品混凝土必須在發(fā)生凝結前進行澆筑，如果澆筑前，商品混凝土發(fā)生凝結的話，我們可以給它再進行一次攪拌，從而恢復到原來的狀態(tài)。在澆筑商品混凝土前，如果出現(xiàn)了商品混凝土離析的情況的話，我們也要對商品混凝土進行重新攪拌，這樣才能夠進行澆筑。在澆筑商品混凝土的時候，為了使其不發(fā)生離析的現(xiàn)象，我們應當保證商品混凝土的傾落高度不超過2m。

Commercial concrete must be poured before setting. If commercial concrete sets before pouring, we can mix it again, so as to return to the original state. Before pouring the commercial concrete, if there is segregation of the commercial concrete, we also need to re mix the commercial concrete, so that the pouring can be carried out. When pouring commercial concrete, in order to avoid segregation, we should ensure that the falling height of commercial concrete is not more than 2m.

在進行樓板的商品混凝土澆筑時，要保證商品混凝土的傾落不超過lm。商品混凝土的傾落如果超過了這些高度，我們就要采取串筒、溜槽等措施來進行下料。所用的溜槽通常是由木板釘成，在它的表面包上鐵皮，在使用溜槽時它的傾角不得超過30度。串筒主要是由薄鋼板制成的，每節(jié)筒長70cm左右，使用的是鉤環(huán)的方式進行連接，筒內還裝有緩沖擋板。同時，應該分層進行商品混凝土的澆筑，做到隨澆隨搗。

When pouring the commercial concrete of the floor, it is necessary to ensure that the fall of the commercial concrete does not exceed LM. If the fall of commercial concrete exceeds these heights, we should take measures such as tumbling barrel, chute and so on. The chute used is usually made of wood nailed, and its surface is covered with iron sheet. When using the chute, its inclination angle shall not exceed 30 degrees. The tandem cylinder is mainly made of thin steel plate, and each cylinder is about 70cm long. It is connected by hook and loop, and buffer baffle is installed in the cylinder. At the same time, the commercial concrete should be poured layer by layer, so that it can be poured and tamped at the same time.